Researchers link dental decay and gum disease risk to genetic factors

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A new research study, which has been conducted by an international team of scientists, including those based at the University of Bristol, has discovered that genetics may play a role in determining gum disease and dental decay risk.

It is well-documented that two people who have similar diets and oral hygiene regimes can end up with different numbers of cavities or variations in their oral health status, but, until now, the reason was unclear. Scientists now believe that genetics can play a part.

Ingegerd Johansson, senior professor at the Institute of Odontology at Umea University in Sweden and lead author of the study, explained that previous studies had suggested that several genes may be involved with dental health, but this project discovered 47 new genes. Using data from nine clinical studies and information obtained from the UK Biobank, the team identified a series of new genes that are connected with tooth decay, including those that play a part in the formation of the teeth and the jawbone. Researchers had access to data from more than 500,000 people during the study period.

The study also examined the link between dental health and factors that are associated with cardiovascular health and metabolism, including obesity, smoking, personality traits and education. Using a method known as Mendelian randomisation, they established correlations and causal links. Bristol Dental School’s Simon Haworth, said that the study could “pave the way” to highlight people who have a high risk of dental issues in the future.

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