A dental abscess is a localised infection which occurs when the dental pulp (nerve and blood vessel deep within the centre of the tooth) dies. This localised bacterial infection develops into a collection of pus, forming an abscess. There are two main types of abscess:
Peripheral abscess – this begins within the dental pulp and is common amongst children.
Periodontal abscess – this has its origin in the supporting bone and tooth structure and is more common in adult patients.
An abscess is easily diagnosed by a worsening of localised pain by pressing or biting down on the affected tooth and can be confirmed by an X-ray.
The main cause of any abscess is when untreated tooth decay occurs in the dental pulp, which then becomes infected and dies. The bacteria within this infection form a local collection of pus which then spreads beyond the edge of the tooth. It is this local collection of pus and the pressure that it creates that causes the pain associated with this condition.
Tooth decay occurs as a result of poor dental care and oral hygiene in combination with sugary foods, which form acid and decay the tooth structure.
You can prevent decay by following a good oral hygiene program which involves daily brushing, flossing and regular visits to your dental hygienist to have your teeth professionally cleaned. Regular check ups with your dentist will enable him/her to treat any signs of decay early on before they cause any serious problems. Reducing the frequency of consumption of acid-causing sugary foods and drinks will also help.
The Treatment for your dental abscess will depend on its severity. If you have localised pain in your tooth and suspect you may have a dentalabscess, you should see your dentist immediately. The first line of treatment is usually to drain the abscess and relieve the pressure and pain caused by the build up of pus.
You may also be prescribed antibiotics to clear the infection and painkillers if needed. Once the abscess has cleared, there are two main ways in which you can treat the condition to prevent the abscess from recurring.