Calculus

Calculus, also known as tartar is a hard substance formed by a build-up of plaque; it is often found on the surface of teeth when oral hygiene is poor. Plaque is composed of bacteria and left over food deposits which harden and stick to the surface of the teeth and on the gum line. Calculus is extremely adhesive and clings to the surface of the teeth and gums, unlike plaque, which can usually be removed by brushing. As well as being harmful to the health of teeth and gums, calculus is often yellow in colour and is therefore not very aesthetically pleasing.

Effects of Calculus

Calculus is a major cause of gum disease; in serious cases, tartar deposits can form in pockets between the teeth and the gums and cause the jawbone beneath to erode; this is harmful as the teeth are supported by this bone and therefore may fall out if the bone disintegrates.

Getting Rid of Calculus

Once the plaque deposits have multiplied and hardened to such an extent that they become tartar, it is not possible to remove them by brushing or flossing; dentists or dental hygienists must use high-speed electrically powered instruments to clean the teeth thoroughly in order to breakdown the tartar deposits. The hygienist can also recommend measures to prevent further build up of calculus. In certain cases, procedures such as dental scaling and root planning will take place; this is a more complex and intensive means of tackling calculus.

Preventing Calculus

Maintaining good standards of oral hygiene will prevent the formation of calculus in the mouth; this means regular brushing, at least twice a day for a period of at least 2 minutes each time along with regular flossing and using a mouthwash if necessary. It is also important to replace toothbrushes regularly and make sure you brush the whole mouth, especially right at the back of the mouth which can be difficult to reach. A healthy diet including lots of fruit and vegetables and a limited intake of sugary foods and drinks can also dramatically reduce the likelihood of the formation of calculus.

Calculus Formation

The rate of calculus formation differs in each individual person; some people are prone to tartar build-up, however this is uncommon in those that have good oral hygiene. There are several factors that affect the rate of calculus build-up; these include a higher acidity of the saliva, increased calcium content in the saliva, increased levels of bacteria and higher lipid levels in the saliva.

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